Tayyagarcia

A Greek Historian on Persia and Egypt: Herodotus Background:    Born to a wealthy family in Asia Minor during the age when the wars between the Greeks and Persians was still a recent memory. He devoted a large portion of his life to recording the history of the conflict in a book called The Histories. Thus he in essence began the first systematically recorded narrative based on research. The Histories: observations and cultural differences Persians: Sacrifice-  No images of the gods, no temples or altars- see them as signs of foolishness; thought that this way of thinking may be due to the Persians "not believing the gods to have the same nature as human beings" (138) Practice climbing to the highest mountain top to offer sacrifices to Zeus, god of the universe; "sacrifice the sun and moon to the earth to fire to water and to the winds..." (138) Sacrifice ritual- "they bring the victim to the spot of ground that is pure from ritual pollution and th...

Intro to Part 2: - Discusses how the fall of the fragile and vulnerable first civilizations fell and how their basis was able to set the standard for the next civilizations that were beginning to form in places like the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East, India. There were sites where smaller civilization were beginning to form like in Ethiopia, West Africa, Japan, and Indonesia. - Starts introducing the transition into the second and third wave of civilization. Further explaining the differences between the first, second, and third waves. - Explains the point of chapter 3: examining and comparing the political framework of the three different waves and the empires that began in each wave as well. Chapter 3: Empire: may be used to discuss states, "political systems that exercise coercive power"(pg 106); may also refer to the larger and more aggressive states that "conquer, rule, and extract resources from the states and people" (pg 106) Empires are an int...

Question: What meaning might you attach to the use of animals as totems or symbols of a particular group or individual? Answer: Based on the description from chapter 2, I believe that the use of animals as totems or symbols were used in efforts to show a strong and powerful group or individual compared to weaker and less powerful group or individual. This may be seen as a unicorn seal has been discovered numerous times on clay tags attached to bundles of good. Thus suggesting that those who owned these bundles may have been involved in trade or commerce. Continuously, it has been thought that the seal of a bull was used to represent a group or individual that was powerful and influential, especially because the seal of the bull has presented itself as rare to find. Therefore, I believe that animal symbols and totems were used to show whether someone was of importance or not.

Chapter 2: First Civilization Chapter 2 introduces the Ancient Era The Ancient Era may be defined by: 1.) Homosapiens competed with each other for wealth, status, and power- leading to social hierarchy 2.) Development of more sophisticated technologies, including writing 3.) Agricultural surplus leading to specialization which leads to civilization and city states 4.) Interactions between people from different continents increases as trade begins to increase (Potential) Key words: social hierarchy, writing, civilization, and trade The first civilization include Egypt, Mesopotamia, the Americas (Andes, Mesoamerica), China, Aegean Greeks, and Indus Valley.        - The Americas were not as strong agriculturally as the other civilizations due to the lack of tools, specifically the necessary animals to pull the heavy tools that would make agriculture more sufficient and easy for the people in the Americas. Due to this, the timeline for the Americas is not ...